Code Explainers

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ruby
class ToastBroadcaster
  include ActionView::RecordIdentifier
 
  def self.broadcast_to(user, message:, type: :notice)

How Turbo Stream toasts broadcast in Rails

turbo-streams service-object real-time
Intermediate 6 steps
typescript
import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
import { DocumentBuilder, SwaggerModule } from '@nestjs/swagger';
import { ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
import { ApiProperty } from '@nestjs/swagger';

Wiring validation and Swagger docs in NestJS

validation openapi decorators
Intermediate 8 steps
python
from fastapi import APIRouter, BackgroundTasks, Depends, HTTPException, status
from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 

Building a signup endpoint in FastAPI

dependency-injection request-validation background-tasks
Intermediate 8 steps
javascript
const ROLE_PERMISSIONS = {
  admin: ['users:read', 'users:write', 'billing:read', 'billing:write'],
  manager: ['users:read', 'billing:read'],
  member: ['users:read'],

Role-based permissions middleware in Express

authorization middleware rbac
Intermediate 9 steps
rust
use axum::{extract::{Path, State}, http::StatusCode, Json};
use dashmap::DashMap;
use serde::Serialize;
use std::sync::Arc;

Request coalescing in an Axum handler

caching concurrency request-coalescing
Advanced 8 steps
java
public interface GitHubClient {
 
    @GetExchange("/users/{username}")
    GitHubUser getUser(@PathVariable String username);

Declarative HTTP clients in Spring

http-client declarative-api proxy
Intermediate 8 steps
php
<?php
 
namespace App\Console\Commands;
 

Releasing stale document locks in Laravel

artisan-command transactions row-locking
Intermediate 6 steps
ruby
class TemplateInterpolator
  PLACEHOLDER = /\{\{\s*([\w.]+)\s*\}\}/
 
  def initialize(strict: false)

Interpolating templates with dotted keys in Ruby

regex string-interpolation hash-traversal
Intermediate 6 steps
typescript
import { Component, Input } from '@angular/core';
 
interface Order {
  id: string;

How Angular ICU plurals localize an order summary

i18n pluralization standalone-component
Intermediate 8 steps
python
from django import forms
from django.utils import timezone
 
from .models import Reservation

Multi-field validation in a Django ModelForm

form validation cross-field validation modelform
Intermediate 7 steps
javascript
function attachThousandSeparators(input, { locale = 'en-US' } = {}) {
  const formatter = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale);
  const groupSep = formatter.format(11111).replace(/\d/g, '')[0] || ',';
  const decimalSep = formatter.format(1.1).replace(/\d/g, '')[0] || '.';

Live thousand separators without losing the caret

dom intl caret-preservation
Advanced 8 steps
java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

Building a trie for autocomplete in Java

trie prefix-tree recursion
Intermediate 8 steps
go
package handlers
 
import (
	"net/http"

Serving embedded static meta files in Gin

embedding static assets http caching
Intermediate 6 steps
php
<?php
 
namespace App\Providers;
 

Subdomain multi-tenancy routing in Laravel

multi-tenancy service-container route-binding
Advanced 7 steps
ruby
class KeyTransformer
  def self.camelize(data)
    new.camelize(data)
  end

Recursively camelizing nested Ruby data

recursion data-transformation pattern-matching
Intermediate 7 steps
typescript
import { Injectable, NestInterceptor, ExecutionContext, CallHandler } from '@nestjs/common';
import { Observable, catchError, concatMap, finalize } from 'rxjs';
import { DataSource, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
 

Wrapping requests in a transaction with NestJS

interceptors transactions rxjs
Advanced 7 steps
python
from django import template
from django.urls import reverse, NoReverseMatch
from django.utils.html import format_html
 

Active nav-link template tags in Django

template tags url routing active state
Intermediate 7 steps
javascript
import { useReducer, useEffect } from "react";
 
const initialState = { status: "idle", data: null, error: null };
 

Building a data-fetching hook in React

custom-hooks usereducer data-fetching
Intermediate 9 steps