Code Explainers

Code explainers tagged #middleware

python 
import time
import uuid
 
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

Attaching per-request context in Django

middleware request lifecycle multi-tenancy
Intermediate 7 steps
go 
package middleware
 
import (
	"net/http"

Per-plan export limits in Gin middleware

middleware rate-limiting authorization
Intermediate 7 steps
php 
class TwoFactorController extends Controller
{
    public function show(Request $request): View|RedirectResponse
    {

Two-factor auth challenge flow in Laravel

authentication two-factor middleware
Intermediate 10 steps
javascript 
const { pool } = require('./db');
 
function withTransaction() {
  return async (req, res, next) => {

A per-request transaction middleware in Express

middleware database-transactions connection-pooling
Advanced 7 steps
go 
package handlers
 
import (
	"net/http"

Custom struct-level validation in Gin

validation struct-tags cross-field
Intermediate 7 steps
rust 
use axum::{
    body::Body,
    extract::Request,
    http::{header::SET_COOKIE, HeaderValue},

Flash messages via Axum middleware

middleware shared-state cookies
Intermediate 8 steps
javascript 
const crypto = require('crypto');
 
function idempotency({ store, ttlMs = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 }) {
  return async function idempotencyMiddleware(req, res, next) {

Idempotent POST requests in Express

idempotency middleware caching
Advanced 8 steps
go 
package routing
 
import (
	"net/http"

Region-aware upstream routing in Gin

middleware concurrency load-balancing
Advanced 8 steps
rust 
use axum::{
    body::Body,
    extract::Request,
    http::{header, StatusCode},

A CSRF verification middleware in Axum

csrf middleware security
Intermediate 10 steps
python 
from flask import Flask, request, redirect, current_app
from werkzeug.middleware.proxy_fix import ProxyFix
 
app = Flask(__name__)

Enforcing HTTPS behind a proxy in Flask

https middleware security-headers
Intermediate 7 steps
javascript 
const { z, ZodError } = require('zod');
 
function validate(schemas) {
  return (req, res, next) => {

A reusable Zod validation middleware for Express

middleware validation schema
Intermediate 8 steps
python 
import gzip
from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, Response
from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
from starlette.types import ASGIApp

Custom gzip middleware in FastAPI

middleware http-compression content-negotiation
Intermediate 9 steps
go 
package middleware
 
import (
	"crypto/subtle"

Timing-safe API key auth in Gin

middleware authentication constant-time-compare
Intermediate 8 steps
rust 
use axum::{
    body::Body,
    extract::State,
    http::{Request, StatusCode},

A sliding-window rate limiter in Axum

rate-limiting middleware sliding-window
Intermediate 10 steps
go 
package middleware
 
import (
	"hash/fnv"

A percentage feature-rollout middleware in Gin

feature-flags middleware hashing
Intermediate 6 steps
php 
<?php
 
namespace App\Http\Middleware;
 

A scheduled maintenance-window middleware in Laravel

middleware caching http-responses
Intermediate 7 steps
go 
package middleware
 
import (
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

Injecting a scoped GORM query via Gin middleware

middleware dependency-injection request-context
Intermediate 9 steps
python 
import re
from starlette.datastructures import URL
from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
from starlette.responses import RedirectResponse

URL normalization middleware in FastAPI

middleware http-redirects url-canonicalization
Intermediate 8 steps