Code Explainers

Browse the library

go
package middleware
 
import (
	"net/http"

Building a bearer-token auth middleware in Gin

middleware authentication closures
Intermediate 5 steps
javascript
function depthFirstSearch(graph, start) {
  const visited = new Set();
  const order = [];
 

Depth-first search and pathfinding in JS

graphs recursion depth-first-search
Intermediate 8 steps
typescript
// A module-scoped Singleton: the single instance lives in this module's
// closure and is never exposed directly.
 
interface AppConfig {

A module-scoped Singleton in TypeScript

singleton generics encapsulation
Intermediate 7 steps
ruby
class ThreadSafeCounter
  def initialize(initial = 0)
    @count = initial
    @mutex = Mutex.new

A thread-safe counter with Mutex in Ruby

concurrency mutex thread-safety
Intermediate 6 steps
php
<?php
 
namespace App\Models;
 

Accessors, mutators & casts in a Laravel model

eloquent accessors mutators
Intermediate 6 steps
python
class Typed:
    """A data descriptor that enforces a type and optional validation."""
 
    def __init__(self, expected_type, validator=None):

Building a typed descriptor in Python

descriptors validation metaprogramming
Advanced 8 steps
java
import java.util.*;
 
public class TopologicalSort {
 

Topological sort with Kahn's algorithm

graphs topological-sort bfs
Intermediate 6 steps
go
package handlers
 
import (
	"net/http"

Reading path parameters in Gin

routing path-parameters wildcards
Beginner 7 steps
javascript
// Sliding window maximum using a monotonic decreasing deque.
// Returns an array of the maximum value within each window of size k.
function maxSlidingWindow(nums, k) {
  const result = [];

Sliding window maximum with a deque

sliding-window monotonic-deque amortized-analysis
Advanced 7 steps
java
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
 

Java try-with-resources and AutoCloseable

try-with-resources autocloseable resource-management
Intermediate 6 steps
typescript
interface RetryOptions {
  retries?: number;
  baseDelayMs?: number;
  maxDelayMs?: number;

Retrying async tasks with exponential backoff

retry exponential-backoff async
Intermediate 8 steps
python
from collections import Counter
 
 
def word_frequencies(text):

Counting things with collections.Counter

counting multiset data-structures
Beginner 8 steps
javascript
function debounce(fn, delay) {
  let timeoutId = null;
 
  function debounced(...args) {

Building a debounce function in JavaScript

closures timers higher-order-functions
Intermediate 6 steps
go
package main
 
import "fmt"
 

How Go slices grow and share memory

slices memory append
Intermediate 7 steps
rust
use std::thread;
 
pub fn parallel_map_reduce<T, M, R, F, G, H>(
    data: &[T],

A parallel map-reduce with scoped threads

concurrency scoped-threads map-reduce
Advanced 8 steps
java
import java.util.Arrays;
 
public class SlidingWindow {
    // Returns the maximum sum of any contiguous subarray of length k.

The sliding window technique in Java

sliding-window arrays algorithms
Intermediate 8 steps
python
def two_sum_sorted(numbers, target):
    """Find indices of two values that sum to target in a sorted array."""
    left, right = 0, len(numbers) - 1
    while left < right:

Two-pointer search on sorted arrays

two-pointers arrays sorting
Intermediate 9 steps
go
package main
 
import "sync"
 

Mutex vs RWMutex in Go

concurrency mutex synchronization
Intermediate 6 steps