Code Explainers

Python code explainers

python
from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
from starlette.requests import Request
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse, Response
from starlette.status import HTTP_413_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE

Enforcing a max request body size in FastAPI

middleware streaming request-limits
Advanced 6 steps
python
import logging
import uuid
from contextvars import ContextVar
 

Request ID tracing in FastAPI middleware

middleware context-variables request-tracing
Intermediate 7 steps
python
import json
import time
import queue
 

Server-Sent Events streaming in Flask

server-sent-events streaming pub-sub
Advanced 9 steps
python
from flask import Blueprint, request, jsonify
from marshmallow import Schema, fields, validate, ValidationError, EXCLUDE
 
from .models import db, User

How a Flask blueprint validates and creates users

validation rest-api schema
Intermediate 8 steps
python
import random
 
import click
from faker import Faker

Building a Flask seed command with Click

cli database seeding orm
Intermediate 7 steps
python
import smtplib
from email.message import EmailMessage
from threading import Thread
 

Sending welcome emails off the request thread in Flask

background-threads app-context email
Intermediate 8 steps
python
from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin, UserPassesTestMixin
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from django.views.generic import DetailView
 

Team membership access control in Django

access-control mixins class-based-views
Intermediate 7 steps
python
import uuid
from pathlib import Path
 
from fastapi import APIRouter, File, Form, HTTPException, UploadFile

Handling multipart file uploads in FastAPI

file-upload validation multipart-form
Intermediate 6 steps
python
from copy import deepcopy
from typing import Any, Mapping
 
 

How a recursive deep merge works in Python

recursion immutability dictionaries
Intermediate 6 steps
python
from difflib import SequenceMatcher
from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right
 
 

Building a fuzzy autocomplete matcher

fuzzy-matching binary-search ranking
Intermediate 9 steps
python
import secrets
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 
from fastapi import APIRouter, Cookie, Depends, HTTPException, Response, status

Cookie session auth in FastAPI

session-authentication cookies dependency-injection
Intermediate 8 steps
python
from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer
from jose import JWTError, jwt
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session

Chaining auth dependencies in FastAPI

dependency-injection jwt-authentication authorization
Intermediate 8 steps
python
from flask import Blueprint, request, url_for, jsonify, abort
from flask.views import MethodView
 
from .models import Article, db

Building a paginated JSON API with Flask MethodView

rest-api pagination class-based-views
Intermediate 10 steps
python
import threading
from functools import wraps
 
 

A thread-safe debounce decorator in Python

decorators debounce threading
Advanced 6 steps
python
from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 
ALLOWED_SCHEMES = {"http", "https"}

Validating URLs into a safe endpoint in Python

input validation url parsing dataclasses
Intermediate 7 steps
python
from flask import Blueprint, render_template, request, redirect, url_for, flash
from werkzeug.security import check_password_hash
 
from .models import User, db

A change-email route in Flask

blueprints form-validation password-hashing
Intermediate 8 steps
python
import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

Testing FastAPI routes with dependency overrides

testing fixtures dependency-injection
Intermediate 7 steps
python
import hashlib
import os
from datetime import timedelta
 

Serving cacheable static assets in Flask

http-caching etag conditional-requests
Intermediate 8 steps