Code Explainers

Python code explainers

python
from django.db import models
from django.utils.text import slugify
 
 

Auto-generating unique slugs in Django

slugs orm model-methods
Intermediate 7 steps
python
from functools import lru_cache
import math
 
 

Memoizing number theory with lru_cache

memoization number-theory caching
Intermediate 8 steps
python
import re
from collections import defaultdict
from pathlib import Path
 

Summarizing log files by date in Python

regex parsing aggregation
Intermediate 7 steps
python
import threading
import logging
 
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

A self-rescheduling periodic task in Python

threading scheduling concurrency
Intermediate 6 steps
python
from collections import ChainMap
from functools import reduce
from typing import Any, Iterable, Mapping
 

Five ways to merge dicts in Python

dictionaries merging recursion
Intermediate 8 steps
python
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
 

Wiring SQLAlchemy sessions into FastAPI

dependency-injection orm sessions
Intermediate 7 steps
python
import re
 
_UNIT_SECONDS = {
    "w": 604800,

Parsing duration strings like 1h30m in Python

regex parsing validation
Intermediate 8 steps
python
import csv
from collections import defaultdict
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from decimal import Decimal, InvalidOperation

Aggregating CSV sales by category in Python

dataclasses csv-parsing defaultdict
Intermediate 8 steps
python
from flask import Blueprint, jsonify, request, abort
 
from .models import Article, db
from .schemas import article_schema, articles_schema

Building a REST articles API with Flask Blueprints

rest-api blueprints serialization
Intermediate 7 steps
python
from django.core.cache import cache
from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle
 
 

A login rate throttle in Django REST Framework

rate-limiting caching throttling
Intermediate 8 steps
python
import stripe
from fastapi import APIRouter, Request, Header, HTTPException
 
from app.config import settings

Handling Stripe webhooks in FastAPI

webhooks signature-verification event-routing
Intermediate 7 steps
python
from operator import itemgetter
 
 
def sort_employees(employees):

Multi-key sorting patterns in Python

sorting tuple-keys itemgetter
Intermediate 5 steps
python
from itertools import islice
from typing import Iterable, Iterator, TypeVar
 
T = TypeVar("T")

Batching an iterable for bulk indexing

generators batching lazy-evaluation
Intermediate 7 steps
python
import time
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Request, status

Token-bucket rate limiting in FastAPI

rate-limiting token-bucket dependency-injection
Advanced 10 steps
python
import argparse
import sys
from pathlib import Path
 

Building a subcommand CLI with argparse

cli argparse subcommands
Intermediate 6 steps
python
from collections.abc import Mapping
from typing import Any, Iterator
 
 

Flattening nested config into dotted keys

recursion generators tree-traversal
Intermediate 7 steps
python
import csv
import io
from datetime import datetime
 

Streaming a CSV export in Flask

streaming generators csv
Intermediate 9 steps
python
import time
from collections import defaultdict
from threading import Lock
 

Sliding-window login rate limiting in Flask

rate-limiting sliding-window thread-safety
Intermediate 7 steps