Code Explainers
Javascript code explainers
javascript
const UNITS = ['B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB', 'PB', 'EB']; export function formatBytes(bytes, { decimals = 1, binary = false } = {}) { if (!Number.isFinite(bytes)) {
Formatting byte counts into human units
logarithms
formatting
default-parameters
Intermediate
8 steps
javascript
'use client'; import { useState, useTransition, useRef, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react'; import { loadMorePosts } from '@/app/actions/posts';
Infinite scroll with Server Actions in Next.js
infinite-scroll
intersection-observer
server-actions
Intermediate
8 steps
javascript
import { createContext, useContext, useEffect, useState, useCallback } from 'react'; const ThemeContext = createContext(null);
Building a theme provider with React Context
context
hooks
dark-mode
Intermediate
9 steps
javascript
function curry(fn) { return function curried(...args) { if (args.length >= fn.length) { return fn.apply(this, args);
Building a curry function in JavaScript
currying
closures
higher-order-functions
Intermediate
7 steps
javascript
import { useState } from 'react'; const steps = ['account', 'profile', 'review'];
Building a multi-step form wizard hook in React
custom-hooks
form-validation
state-management
Intermediate
9 steps
javascript
function splitFullName(fullName) { const cleaned = (fullName || '').trim().replace(/\s+/g, ' '); if (!cleaned) {
Parsing full names into first and last
string-parsing
regex
edge-cases
Intermediate
8 steps
javascript
import { db } from '@/lib/db' const SITE_URL = process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SITE_URL ?? 'https://example.com'
Generating a dynamic sitemap in Next.js
sitemap
seo
database-query
Intermediate
5 steps
javascript
class TokenBucket { constructor({ capacity, refillPerSecond }) { this.capacity = capacity; this.refillPerSecond = refillPerSecond;
How token-bucket rate limiting works in Express
rate-limiting
token-bucket
middleware
Intermediate
7 steps
javascript
import { useState, useRef, useCallback, useLayoutEffect } from "react"; export function useResizeObserver({ debounce = 0 } = {}) { const [size, setSize] = useState({ width: 0, height: 0 });
A resize-observing hook in React
custom-hook
resizeobserver
callback-ref
Advanced
8 steps
javascript
import { useState } from "react"; const EMAIL_RE = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/;
Building a validated signup form in React
form-validation
controlled-components
state-management
Intermediate
10 steps
javascript
import { useRef, useState, useCallback, useMemo } from 'react'; export function VirtualList({ items, rowHeight = 40, height = 600, overscan = 5, renderRow }) { const [scrollTop, setScrollTop] = useState(0);
How a virtualized list works in React
virtualization
performance
memoization
Intermediate
8 steps
javascript
const express = require('express'); const router = express.Router(); const db = require('../db');
Building a paginated articles endpoint in Express
pagination
input-validation
async-await
Intermediate
8 steps
javascript
import { useState, useCallback, memo } from 'react'; const TodoItem = memo(function TodoItem({ todo, onToggle, onRemove }) { return (
Preventing re-renders in a React todo list
memoization
usecallback
referential-stability
Intermediate
8 steps
javascript
import { useState, useEffect, useRef, useCallback } from "react"; function useDebouncedValue(value, delay) { const [debounced, setDebounced] = useState(value);
Debounced autosave in React
debouncing
custom-hooks
abort-controller
Intermediate
8 steps
javascript
import { lazy, Suspense } from "react"; import { Routes, Route, NavLink } from "react-router-dom"; import ErrorBoundary from "./components/ErrorBoundary"; import Spinner from "./components/Spinner";
Lazy-loaded routes in React
code-splitting
lazy-loading
routing
Intermediate
6 steps
javascript
import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'; import { jwtVerify } from 'jose'; const PROTECTED_PREFIXES = ['/dashboard', '/settings', '/billing'];
Gating routes with Next.js middleware and JWTs
authentication
middleware
jwt
Intermediate
8 steps
javascript
const express = require('express'); const session = require('express-session'); const RedisStore = require('connect-redis').default; const { createClient } = require('redis');
Redis-backed session auth in Express
sessions
authentication
redis
Intermediate
8 steps
javascript
function parseJwtPayload(token) { const parts = token.split('.'); if (parts.length !== 3) { throw new Error('Invalid JWT: expected 3 segments');
Decoding a JWT payload in JavaScript
jwt
base64url
encoding
Intermediate
6 steps